Canadian Machine Gun Corps
| Canadian Machine Gun Corps | |
|---|---|
| Active | 16 April 1917 – 15 December 1936 |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch | Canadian Expeditionary Force (1917–1918) Canadian Militia (1919–1936) |
| Type | Machine gunners |
| Role | Direct and indirect machine gun fire |
| Part of | Canadian Expeditionary Force (1917–1918) Permanent Active Militia (1919–1923) Non-Permanent Active Militia (1919–1936) |
| Nickname(s) | "Emma Gees" |
| Engagements | First World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Raymond Brutinel |
| Part of a series on the |
| Military history of Canada |
|---|
 |
The Canadian Machine Gun Corps (CMGC) was an corps of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) and of the Canadian Militia.[1][2][3] It was part of the CEF sent to France during World War I. The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was organized in the Permanent Force on 16 April 1917. By 1918, the CMGC consisted of 4 battalions (each of 4 machine gun companies), and 5 independent motor machine gun batteries, attached to each of the 4 Canadian divisions. In addition, the 20th Machine Gun Company CEF served at Vladivostok as a unit in the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force.[4] The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was redesignated the Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade on 16 June 1921. The Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was disbanded on 1 November 1923. The Non-Permanent Active Militia component of the CMGC continued to serve until it was disbanded as part of the 1936 Canadian Militia reorganization, and its roles were transferred to the newly formed infantry (machine gun) battalions.[5][6] The CMGC donated a wall plaque at St. George's Church in Ypres.[7]
History
[edit]The Canadian Machine Gun Corps was formed on 16 April 1917 and the official publication of the formation occurred in the Canadians' Routine Order 558 of 22 February 1917. It was initially composed of:
- Machine Gun Squadron, Canadian Cavalry Brigade,
- Machine gun companies,
- 1st Motor Machine Gun Brigade and motor machine gun batteries,
- A depot organized in England on 4 January 1917 (authorized by Canadians' Routine Order 150 of same date).[8]
During the Battle of Vimy Ridge the CMGC, with some British units, used a total of 362 Vickers guns. 104 guns went forward with the infantry while 258 were used in the indirect barrage role. Nearly 5 million rounds of ammunition were allocated for the barrage.[9]
Victoria Cross recipient
[edit]Lieutenant Hugh McKenzie was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 30 October 1917 during the Battle of Passchendaele.[10]
Related units
[edit]This unit was allied with the Machine Gun Corps of the British Army.
References
[edit]- ^ The Regiments and Corps of the Canadian Army. Queen's Printer. 1964.
- ^ "Canadian Machine Gun Corps". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Canadian Machine Gun Corps, and Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade". 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 30 November 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ Morris, David (1983). The Canadian Militia. Erin, Ontario: The Boston Mills Press. pp. 325–326. ISBN 0-919822-51-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "1936 Reorganization of the Militia". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Machine Gun Battalion". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Menin Gate Memorial and St. George's Church". Veterans Affairs Canada. 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Guide to Sources Relating to Units of the Canadian Expeditionary Force - Machine Gun Units" (PDF). Library and Archives Canada. 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
- ^ "Infantry Branch". History of War (116): 18. January 2023.
- ^ Defence, National (7 March 2019). "Hugh McKenzie". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- Bibliography
- Grafton, C. S. (1938). The Canadian Emma Gees; a history of the Canadian Machine Gun Corps. London, Ontario: The Canadian Machine Gun Corps Association.
- McBride, Herbert W. (1918). The Emma Gees. Indianapolis, Indiana: Bobbs-Merrill Company.
External links
[edit]- Dorosh, Michael A. (2014). "Canadian Machine Gun Corps". Canadian Soldiers. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- Fisher, Richard (2013). "Canadian Machine Gun Corps". The Vickers Machine Gun Collection & Research Association. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- Laughton, Richard (2014). "Machine Gun Corps". Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- Leroux, Marc (2015). "Canadian War Diaries: Machine Gun Brigades". The Canadian Great War Project. Retrieved 22 July 2015.